ChatGPT歐盟認定評測：搜尋引擎新規四個月倒數 | ChatGPT EU Review: Search Engine Rules, 4-Month Deadline

By Kit 小克 | AI Tool Observer | 2026-09-01

🇹🇼 ChatGPT歐盟認定評測：搜尋引擎新規四個月倒數

ChatGPT在2026年8月31日被歐盟執委會正式列為《數位服務法》(Digital Services Act, DSA)下的「大型線上搜尋引擎」(VLOSE)，是史上第一個拿到這個標籤的AI聊天機器人，同批還有Reddit跟Roblox被列為「大型線上平台」(VLOP)。歐盟認定標準是月活躍用戶超過4500萬，而ChatGPT在歐盟早就遠遠超標。這代表OpenAI從現在起有4個月時間，把整套合規機制生出來，逾期最重可罰全球年營收6%。

為什麼ChatGPT被算成「搜尋引擎」？

歐盟的邏輯很直接：使用者丟問題給ChatGPT，它常常會即時搜尋網路回答，這個行為模式跟傳統搜尋引擎（Google、Bing）本質上重疊，所以歐盟把它定性為「混合型」服務，同時具備聊天機器人跟搜尋引擎兩種角色。這是DSA第一次把生成式AI工具拉進「超大型」監管等級，等於官方認證：ChatGPT的規模跟影響力，已經跟Google搜尋、Meta的社群平台放在同一個監管量級。

對用戶跟開發者實際上會變什麼

VLOSE身分不是貼個標籤就沒事，DSA要求的合規項目包含：

系統性風險評估：每年要交報告，說明服務對言論自由、選舉、未成年人保護等有什麼潛在風險
獨立稽核：找第三方稽核演算法跟資料處理流程，稽核結果要交給歐盟
使用者可選擇退出個人化：歐盟用戶可以要求關閉基於個人資料的內容排序或推薦
研究人員資料存取：學術研究者可申請取得部分資料，檢驗系統是否有系統性偏誤
危機應變機制：發生重大公共安全事件時，要配合歐盟的緊急回應要求

對一般用戶來說，最有感的大概是「個人化開關」跟未來可能出現的歐盟專屬使用條款——之前Meta、Google被列入VLOP後，歐盟用戶介面跟功能都出現過跟其他地區不同步的狀況，ChatGPT大機率會走同樣的路。

OpenAI準備好了嗎？誠實地說：沒人知道

OpenAI過去應付GDPR的紀錄不算差，但DSA的稽核跟風險評估要求，遠比GDPR的資料保護細很多，尤其「系統性風險」這種抽象概念要怎麼量化到LLM身上，連歐盟自己都還在摸索。參考Google、Meta被列入VLOP之後的狀況，合規過程通常拖得比預期久，中間還常常伴隨罰款跟訴訟。四個月的期限對一間還在快速迭代模型的公司來說並不寬裕，值得持續追蹤OpenAI實際端出什麼合規方案，而不是先入為主假設一定會準時交卷。

好不好用，試了才知道。

🇺🇸 ChatGPT EU Review: Search Engine Rules, 4-Month Deadline

On August 31, 2026, the European Commission designated ChatGPT as a "Very Large Online Search Engine" (VLOSE) under the EU's Digital Services Act (DSA) — the first time any AI chatbot has received this label. Reddit and Roblox were designated as Very Large Online Platforms (VLOP) in the same round. The threshold is 45 million monthly active EU users, a bar ChatGPT cleared long ago. OpenAI now has four months to build out full compliance, or face fines up to 6% of global annual revenue.

Why Does the EU Count ChatGPT as a Search Engine?

The Commission's reasoning: when users ask ChatGPT a question, it frequently searches the live web to answer, which overlaps functionally with traditional search engines like Google or Bing. So the EU classified it as a "hybrid" service — part chatbot, part search engine. This is the first time the DSA has pulled a generative AI product into its strictest regulatory tier, effectively putting ChatGPT's scale and influence in the same bracket as Google Search and Meta's social platforms.

What Actually Changes for Users and Developers

VLOSE status isn't just a label — it triggers concrete DSA obligations:

Systemic risk assessments: annual reports covering risks to free speech, elections, and minor protection
Independent audits: third-party review of algorithms and data handling, submitted to the EU
Opt-out of personalization: EU users can disable content ranking based on personal data
Researcher data access: academics can request data to check for systemic bias
Crisis response protocols: cooperation with EU emergency mechanisms during major public-safety events

For everyday users, the most visible change will likely be a personalization toggle and, eventually, EU-specific terms of service. When Meta and Google were designated VLOPs, their EU interfaces and feature sets started drifting from other regions — expect ChatGPT to follow the same pattern.

Is OpenAI Ready? Honestly, Nobody Knows Yet

OpenAI's GDPR track record hasn't been terrible, but DSA's audit and risk-assessment requirements go much deeper than GDPR's data-protection rules — and quantifying "systemic risk" for an LLM is a problem even Brussels is still figuring out. Looking at how Google and Meta's VLOP compliance actually played out, the process usually drags on longer than expected, often accompanied by fines and litigation. Four months is a tight window for a company still shipping model updates at a rapid pace. Worth watching what compliance plan OpenAI actually delivers, rather than assuming it lands on time.

好不好用，試了才知道 / Only real use tells you if it works.

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